Dix choses que les Canadiens doivent savoir sur le monticule de déchets radioactifs en bordure de la rivière des Outaouais

le 6 février 2024 (English version)

La rivière des Outaouais coule devant le Parlement. Cette richesse patrimoniale est un trésor naturel et historique. La région de Montréal y puise son eau potable et cette rivière est sacrée pour le peuple algonquin dont elle délimite le territoire traditionnel.


1. Le monticule se draine dans la rivière des Outaouais.

  •     Le site de l’Installation de gestion des déchets près de la surface (IGDPS) a été choisi en raison de sa proximité avec les sols gravement radioactifs du centre de recherche nucléaire de Chalk River. Il sera au sommet d’une colline adossée à des marécages qui se drainent dans la rivière des Outaouais, à moins d’un kilomètre de là.
  •     Le site est exposé aux tornades et aux tremblements de terre tandis que la rivière des Outaouais coule dans une ligne de faille tectonique majeure.
  •     Le substrat rocheux du site est poreux et fracturé et la nappe phréatique est très proche de la surface.

2. L’énorme monticule contiendra plus d’un million de tonnes de déchets radioactifs dangereux

  •     L’IGDPS aura la hauteur d’un édifice de sept étages sur la colline. Conçu sur le modèle d’une décharge municipale ordinaire, il aura la même superficie que 70 patinoires de hockey de la Ligue nationale.
  •     Les déchets destinés au monticule se sont accumulés pendant huit décennies d’exploitation des laboratoires de Chalk River. D’autres déchets sont importés à partir d’autres sites du Canada et de l’étranger.
  •    Cela inclut des tonnes de métaux lourds et des dizaines d’éléments radioactifs dangereux: tritium, carbone 14, strontium 90, quatre types de plutonium (un élément radioactif particulièrement dangereux en cas d’inhalation ou d’ingestion) et au moins six tonnes d’uranium.
  •     Les sources de cobalt 60 et de césium 137 présentes dans cette décharge radioactive émettront des rayonnements gamma si intenses que les travailleurs devront s’abriter derrière des écrans de plomb. L’Agence internationale de l’énergie atomique estime que ces “déchets de moyenne activité” qui devraient être entreposés en profondeur.
  •     La décharge contiendra de la dioxine, des BPC, de l’amiante, du mercure, 13 tonnes d’arsenic et des centaines de tonnes de plomb. Elle contiendra également des milliers de tonnes de cuivre et de fer, ce qui incitera les intrus à creuser dans le monticule pour les récupérer, après sa fermeture. (Plus de détails sur le contenu du monticule ici)


3. Les Premières Nations Algonquines et l’Assemblée des Premières Nations s’opposent au projet

  •     Les membres de la nation algonquine vivent dans le bassin de la rivière des Outaouais depuis des temps immémoriaux. Ils n’ont signé aucun traité, ni avec la Couronne, ni avec le gouvernement du Canada.
  •     La Déclaration des Nations Unies sur les droits des peuples autochtones stipule qu’on “ne doit procéder à aucun entreposage ou élimination de matières dangereuses sur les territoires des peuples autochtones sans leur consentement préalable, donné librement et en connaissance de cause”.
  •     Les chefs de 10 des 11 Premières nations algonquines se sont prononcés contre le projet d’IGDPS lors d’une conférence de presse tenue à Ottawa le 20 juin 2023.
  •     Lors de l’audience finale du 10 août 2023, les Kebaowek, les Algonquins du lac Barrière et les Premières nations Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg ont clairement indiqué qu’ils ne consentaient pas à la construction de l’IGDPS sur leur territoire non cédé.
  •     L’Assemblée des Premières Nations a adopté des résolutions pour rejeter l’IGDPS en 2018 et en 2023.


4. Ce “dépotoir” menace l’eau potable de millions de Canadiens

  •     Le site de l’IGDPS est voisin de zones humides qui se drainent dans la rivière des Outaouais, source d’eau potable pour des millions de Canadiens en aval, notamment pour Ottawa, Gatineau et pour la banlieue nord de Montréal.
  •     On prévoit que le monticule présentera des fuites pendant son exploitation et qu’il se désagrègera ensuite en raison de l’érosion.
  •     Les études prévoient plusieurs types de fuites pendant le remplissage et après la fermeture de l’installation.
  •     La station d’épuration des eaux usées de l’IGDPS rejettera des eaux contaminées riches en tritium (hydrogène radioactif). Ces effluents contiendront aussi de plus petites quantités de nombreux autres éléments radioactifs comme le plutonium ; tous ces rejets se déverseront dans la rivière des Outaouais.
  •     L’évaluation de performance du promoteur suggère que le monticule s’effondrera après sa durée de vie prévue de 550 ans. Son contenu sera rejeté dans l’environnement et dans la rivière des Outaouais.


5. Il n’existe aucun seuil sécuritaire pour la radioactivité qui s’échappera dans la rivière des Outaouais    

  • Toutes les fuites d’éléments radioactifs augmenteront les risques de malformations congénitales, de dommages génétiques, de cancers et d’autres maladies chroniques. L’Agence internationale de l’énergie atomique soutient que les déchets radioactifs doivent être isolés de la biosphère.

6. Les déchets resteront radioactifs et dangereux pendant des milliers d’années

  •     L’Agence internationale de l’énergie atomique (AIEA) estime que de nombreux déchets produits par les Laboratoires de Chalk River (où le gouvernement fédéral a connu des accidents de réacteurs nucléaires et mené des expériences nucléaires civiles et militaires pendant huit décennies), ont probablement une “activité intermédiaire” ou  une “forte activité”. C’est pourquoi ils doivent être enfouis à des dizaines de mètres sous terre.
  •     Selon un ancien cadre supérieur responsable des déchets radioactifs des laboratoires de Chalk River, les déchets destinés à cette installation ont une “activité intermédiaire” et doivent être placés sous terre. Il affirme que le monticule sera dangereux et radioactif pendant plusieurs milliers d’années et que les doses de radiation dépasseront les niveaux autorisés.
  •     Vingt-cinq des 31 éléments radioactifs identifiés dans l’inventaire de référence du futur monticule ont de longues demi-vies, allant de plusieurs milliers à plusieurs millions d’années. (Voir également l’inventaire autorisé.)
  •     Les déchets radioactifs survivront à la disparition de l’installation pendant plusieurs milliers d’années.

7. Cent quarante municipalités du Québec et de l’Ontario s’opposent à l’IGDPS

  •     Plus de 140 municipalités, dont Ottawa, Gatineau et Montréal ainsi que le comté de Pontiac ont adopté des résolutions pour manifester leur opposition ou leurs graves préoccupations envers ce projet.
  •     La ville d’Ottawa demandait expressément l’arrêt des importations de déchets dans la vallée de l’Outaouais. Le consortium n’a tenu aucun compte de cette demande.

8. Les contribuables canadiens paient, mais c’est un consortium multinational qui décide

  •     On a évalué en 2015 que le nettoyage du site allait coûter 8 milliards de dollars quand le gouvernement Harper a confié la gestion du site de Chalk River à la “Canadian National Energy Alliance“, un consortium multinational qui devait évacuer les déchets radioactifs de toutes les installations radioactives du gouvernement fédéral.
  •     Depuis que ce consortium a pris le relais, les contribuables canadiens ont vu exploser les coûts d’exploitation et de nettoyage des laboratoires nucléaires du Canada: de 336 millions$ par année à l’époque, ils dépassent maintenant 1,5 milliard$ par an.
  •     Les membres actuels du consortium sont AtkinsRéalis (anciennement SNC-Lavalin), qui a été radiée par la Banque mondiale pendant 10 ans et qui a fait l’objet d’accusations de fraude, de pots-de-vin et de corruption au Canada ;
    Fluor Corporation,
     basée au Texas, qui a payé 4 millions$ pour mettre fin à des allégations de fraude financière liées à des travaux de nettoyage de déchets nucléaires sur un site américain ;
    et Jacobs Engineering, basée au Texas, qui a récemment acquis CH2M, un membre initial du consortium qui a dû payer 18,5 millions$ pour échapper à des accusations criminelles fédérales relatives à un site de nettoyage nucléaire des États-Unis.

9. La construction de l’IGDPS détruira un habitat essentiel à d’espèces protégées

  •     Le site de l’IGDPS est très riche en biodiversité d’abord parce qu’il est interdit au public depuis 80 ans. En raison de la proximité de la rivière des Outaouais et du lac Perch, c’est aussi une bonne zone d’alimentation pour les grands mammifères.
  •     Les zones humides qui  flanquent cette colline fournissent un excellent habitat aux tortues mouchetées, qui sont en voie de disparition.
  •     La forêt mature du site abrite trois espèces de chauves-souris menacées et plusieurs oiseaux migrateurs en péril, dont la paruline à ailes dorées, la paruline du Canada et le bec-croisé des sapins.
  •     Les recherches menées par les autochtones révèlent qu’une population saine de loups de l’Est (espèce menacée) fréquente assidûment cet endroit. Les chercheurs autochtones ont aussi découvert trois tanières actives d’ours noirs (protégés par la loi sur la protection du poisson et de la faune sauvage de l’Ontario).
  •     En janvier 2024, la Première nation Kebaowek a écrit au ministre canadien de l’environnement et du changement climatique pour lui demander de refuser le permis de coupe à blanc pour l’IGDPS.

10. Il existerait de meilleurs façons d’éliminer ces déchets radioactifs

  •     Un examen par les pairs ARTEMIS, coordonné par l’Agence internationale de l’énergie atomique, aurait pu fournir de précieuses informations sur les meilleures manières de gérer les déchets de Chalk River.
  •     En décembre 2023, plus de 3 000 Canadiens ont signé la pétition 4676 de la Chambre des Communes demandant un tel examen ARTEMIS.
  •     Le Canada devrait construire des installations de classe mondiale pour gérer ses déchets radioactifs. Il assurerait la sécurité des Canadiens et leur  offrirait de bons emplois dans l’industrie nucléaire s’il confinait les déchets en sécurité pour les générations à venir.
  •     Les installations de classe mondiale incluraient  le conditionnement, l’étiquetage et le placement des déchets dans une installation souterraine. Ils seraient récupérables pour que les générations futures puissent les reconditionner au besoin.

Le gouvernement du Canada doit bloquer ce projet et stopper son financement.

Demandez à votre député de soutenir une telle directive. Voir la lettre envoyée à tous les députés et sénateurs le 4 février 2024 pour plus de détails.

Lettre ouverte ~ Le gouvernement du Canada devrait arrêter la construction d’un gigantesque monticule de déchets radioactifs à côté de la rivière des Outaouais

le 5 février 2024

Lettre ouverte aux représentants fédéraux, provinciaux et municipaux

Objet : Le gouvernement canadien doit empêcher la construction d’une gigantesque installation de gestion de déchets radioactifs au bord de la rivière des Outaouais et respecter les droits des Premières nations algonquines. 

Honorables sénateurs et sénatrices, Mesdames et Messieurs les députés et Mesdames et Messieurs les élus municipaux,

Le 9 janvier 2024, la Commission canadienne de sûreté nucléaire (CCSN) a approuvé la construction d’une gigantesque installation de gestion de déchets radioactifs près de la surface (IGDPS), à un kilomètre de la rivière des Outaouais. En 2017, le rapport d’un comité d’experts a mentionné les perceptions selon lesquelles la CCSN est en relation trop étroite avec l’industrie nucléaire et qu’elle favorise et promeut des projets qu’elle devrait  réglementer.

Si elle était construite, l’IGDPS contiendrait plus d’un million de tonnes de déchets radioactifs et d’autres déchets dangereux résultant de 80 ans d’exploitation des Laboratoires de Chalk River ; cette installation de recherche nucléaire contaminée appartient au gouvernement fédéral. Elle est située à 180 km au nord-ouest d’Ottawa, sur la rivière des Outaouais, juste en face de la province de Québec. Cette décharge de déchets aura des fuites radioactives pendant son exploitation et elle s’effondrera après quelques centaines d’années à cause de l’érosion.

Les Laboratoires nucléaires canadiens (LNC) sont le promoteur de l’IGDPS. Les LNC appartiennent à Atkins Realis (anciennement SNC-Lavalin) et à deux sociétés multinationales basées aux États-Unis. Les déclarations du promoteur et de l’autorité de réglementation selon lesquelles ” les déchets sont seulement de faible activité et ils se désintégreront rapidement pour atteindre un état inoffensif ” ne sont pas crédibles.

Des experts indépendants affirment que les déchets sont fortement contaminés par de grandes quantités de substances radioactives de très longue durée provenant de réacteurs nucléaires. Ces déchets dangereux peuvent provoquer des cancers, des malformations congénitales et des mutations génétiques. Ils doivent être tenus à l’écart de la biosphère jusqu’à ce qu’ils cessent d’être radioactifs, dans plusieurs milliers d’années.

Selon l’Agence internationale de l’énergie atomique, les déchets produits dans les installations de recherche comme les Laboratoires de Chalk River ont généralement une radioactivité de niveau “intermédiaire” et doivent être stockés sous terre, à des dizaines de mètres ou plus sous la surface.

La décharge de déchets radioactifs se trouve sur un territoire algonquin non cédé, ce qui a également une importance vitale. Les Algonquins Anishinaabe vivent dans le bassin de la rivière des Outaouais depuis des temps immémoriaux et détiennent des droits inhérents pour gouverner et y protéger toutes les formes de vie. Ces droits n’ont jamais été cédés à la Couronne ou au gouvernement par traité. La Déclaration des Nations unies sur les droits des peuples autochtones stipule “qu’aucun stockage ou élimination de matières dangereuses ne doit avoir lieu sur les terres ou territoires des peuples autochtones sans leur consentement préalable, donné librement et en connaissance de cause”. Trois Premières nations algonquines (les Kebaowek , les Algonquins du lac Barriere et les Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg) ont déclaré à la CCSN qu’elles ne consentent pas à ce que l’IGDPS soit construite sur leur territoire.

Il est important de noter que le consortium continue d’importer des déchets nucléaires commerciaux et fédéraux à Chalk River pour les placer dans l’IGDPS. Ces transferts ont lieu malgré une demande expresse de la Ville d’Ottawa d’arrêter les importations de déchets radioactifs dans la vallée de l’Outaouais.

Il est urgent que le gouvernement canadien ordonne d’arrêter le projet d’IGDPS et de respecter les droits inhérents du peuple algonquin.

Nous vous prions d’agréer l’expression de nos sentiments distingués,

Éric Notebaert, MD, Association canadienne des médecins pour l’environnement 
Eva Schacherl, Le conseil des canadiens, Ottawa 
Ginette Charbonneau, Ralliement contre la pollution radioactive
Gordon Edwards, PhD, Le regroupement pour la surveillance du nucléaire
Johanna Echlin, Old Fort William [Quebec] Cottagers’ Association

Lynn Jones, Concerned Citizens of Renfrew County and Area 

Open Letter ~ Government of Canada should halt the construction of a giant radioactive waste mound beside the Ottawa River

February 5, 2024

Re: Government of Canada should halt the construction of a giant radioactive waste mound beside the Ottawa River and respect the rights of Algonquin First Nations

Dear Members of Parliament and Senators,

On January 9, 2024 the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) approved a license amendment to construct a giant above-ground, radioactive mound known as the “Near Surface Disposal Facility, or NSDF, one kilometer from the Ottawa River. The CNSC is widely perceived to have a too-close relationship with the nuclear industry and a tendency to promote and defend the projects it is tasked with regulating, as noted by a federal Expert Panel report in 2017.

If built, the mound will hold one million tons of radioactive and other hazardous wastes resulting from eight decades of operations of the Chalk River Laboratories, a highly contaminated federal nuclear research facility 180 km northwest of Canada’s capital, on the Ottawa River directly across from the Province of Quebec. Studies show the mound would leak during operation and break down due to erosion after a few hundred years.

The NSDF proponent is Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), owned by a private-sector consortium of AtkinsRéalis (formerly SNC-Lavalin) and two US-based multinationals. Statements from the proponent and the regulator that the wastes are “only low level” do not stand up to scrutiny.

Independent experts say the wastes are heavily contaminated with long-lived radioactive materials produced in nuclear reactors. These materials are hazardous and can cause cancer, birth defects and genetic mutations. These materials must be kept out of the biosphere until they are no longer radioactive, which will take many thousands of years.

According to the  International Atomic Energy Agency, waste from research facilities such as Chalk River Laboratories generally belongs to the “Intermediate-level” waste class and must be kept underground, tens of metres or more below the surface.

Also of vital importance is the fact that the location of the radioactive mound  is on unceded Algonquin territory. The Algonquin Anishinaabe have lived in the Ottawa River watershed since time immemorial and hold inherent rights to govern and protect all life in the watershed. These rights were never ceded to the crown or the government by treaty. The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples states that “no storage or disposal of hazardous materials shall take place in the lands or territories of indigenous peoples without their free, prior and informed consent.” The Kebaowek First Nation, the Algonquins of Barriere Lake, and the Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg First Nation told the CNSC they do not consent to the NSDF being built in their territory.

It is important to note that the consortium continues to import commercial and federal nuclear wastes to Chalk River for placement in the NSDF. These shipments are happening despite a specific request from the City of Ottawa for cessation of radioactive waste imports into the Ottawa Valley.

A directive from the Government of Canada to halt the NSDF project and respect the inherent rights of the Algonquin peoples is urgently needed. 

Yours sincerely,


Éric Notebaert, MD, Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment

Eva Schacherl, Council of Canadians, Ottawa Chapter

Ginette Charbonneau, Ralliement contre la pollution radioactive

Gordon Edwards, PhD, Canadian Coalition for Nuclear Responsibility

Johanna Echlin, Old Fort William [Quebec] Cottagers’ Association

Lynn Jones, Concerned Citizens of Renfrew County and Area 

Ten things Canadians need to know about the giant radioactive waste mound coming to the Ottawa River

February 4, 2024   (voir la version française ici)

The Ottawa River is a Canadian Heritage River that flows past Parliament Hill. It has untold value as a beautiful natural and historical treasure. The river is sacred for the Algonquin People whose traditional territory it defines.

~~~

The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) recently approved a construction license for a seven-storey radioactive mound beside the Ottawa River on the property of Chalk River Laboratories, a highly contaminated federal nuclear research facility 180 km north-west of Ottawa. The giant radioactive mound is known as the “Near Surface Disposal Facility’ or “NSDF.” It was approved by the CNSC on January 8, 2024. The CNSC is widely perceived to be a captured regulator that promotes the projects it is supposed to regulate, as reported by an Expert Panel in 2017. 

1. The site is less than one km from the Ottawa River

  • The NSDF site was chosen for proximity to existing leaking waste sites at Chalk River; it is on the side of a hill, partly surrounded by wetlands that drain into the Ottawa River less than one kilometre away.
  • The site is tornado and earthquake prone; the Ottawa River is a major fault line.
  • Underlying bedrock at the site is porous and fractured and the groundwater table is very close to the surface

2. The enormous mound would hold one million tons of radioactive and other hazardous waste

  • The NSDF would rise up to seven storeys in height and cover an area the size of 70 NHL hockey rinks 
  • Waste destined for the mound has accumulated over eight decades of operation at Chalk River Laboratories; waste is also being imported for emplacement in the mound.
  • It would contain dozens of radioactive and hazardous materials and tonnes of heavy metals. Radioactive materials destined for the dump include tritium, carbon-14, strontium-90, four types of plutonium (one of the most dangerous  radioactive materials if inhaled or ingested), and up to 6.3 tonnes of uranium. 
  • Cobalt-60 and Cesium-137 sources in the dump would give off so much intense gamma radiation that workers must use lead shielding to avoid dangerous radiation exposures. The International Atomic Energy Agency says these are “intermediate-level waste” and require emplacement underground .
  • Dioxin, PCBs, asbestos, mercury, up to 13 tonnes of arsenic and hundreds of tonnes of lead would go into the dump. It would also contain thousands of tonnes of copper and iron, tempting scavengers to dig into the mound after closure. (more details on contents of mound here)

3. Algonquin First Nations and the Assembly of First Nations are opposed to the NSDF

  • The people of the Algonquin Nation have lived in the Ottawa River watershed since time immemorial; they never signed a treaty with the Crown or Government of Canada.
  • The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples states that “no storage or disposal of hazardous materials shall take place in the lands or territories of indigenous peoples without their free, prior and informed consent.”
  • Chiefs representing 10 of 11 Algonquin First Nations spoke out against the NSDF at a press conference in Ottawa on June 20, 2023.
  • At the final licensing hearing on August 10, 2023, Kebaowek, Algonquins of Barriere Lake and Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg First Nations clearly stated they do not consent to construction of the NSDF on their unceded territory 
  • The Assembly of First Nations passed resolutions opposing the NSDF in 2018 and 2023

4. Drinking water for millions of Canadians is threatened by the dump

  • The NSDF site is partly surrounded by wetlands that drain through Perch Lake into the Ottawa River, which is the drinking water source for millions of Canadians downstream including Ottawa, Gatineau and parts of Montreal 
  • The mound is expected to leak during operation and break down due to erosion
  • Studies predict several types of leakage will occur during filling and after closure of the facility
  • The wastewater plant for the NSDF would discharge contaminated water containing large quantities of tritium (radioactive hydrogen) and smaller quantities of many other radioactive substances such as plutonium; these discharges would enter the Ottawa River. 
  • The proponent’s Performance Assessment study suggests the mound will break down after its predicted design life of 550 years and contents will be released to the environment and Ottawa River.

5. There is no safe level of exposure to the radiation that would leak into the Ottawa River from the mound

  • All of the escaping radioactive materials would increase risks of birth defects, genetic damage, cancer and other chronic diseases. The International Atomic Energy Agency says radioactive wastes must be isolated from the biosphere.

6. Experts say the wastes will remain radioactive and hazardous for thousands of years 

  • The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) says wastes like those produced by Chalk River Laboratories, where the federal government operated nuclear reactors and carried out nuclear experiments for eight decades, are likely to be “intermediate-level” and in some cases even “high-level,” requiring emplacement tens of meters or more underground.
  • A former senior manager in charge of legacy radioactive wastes at Chalk River Laboratories says the waste proposed for the facility is “intermediate level” and requires underground emplacement. He says the mound would be hazardous and radioactive for many thousands of years, and that radiation doses from the facility would exceed allowable levels. 
  • Twenty-five out of the 31 radionuclides listed in the reference inventory for the mound are long-lived with half-lives from thousands to millions of years. (See also licensed inventory)
  • The radioactive waste will outlive the facility for many thousands of years.

7. More than 140 municipalities in Quebec and Ontario are opposed to the NSDF

  • More than 140 municipalities, including Pontiac County, Ottawa, Gatineau and Montreal have passed resolutions of opposition or serious concern about the proposed project.
  • The City of Ottawa resolution specifically asked for imports of waste to the Ottawa Valley to be stopped; the request was disregarded by the consortium

8. Canadian taxpayers are paying but a multinational consortium is calling the shots

  • Chalk River Laboratories is owned by the Government of Canada.Cleanup of the site was originally estimated to cost $8 billion in 2015 when a multinational consortium called “Canadian National Energy Alliance” was contracted by the Harper government to manage the Chalk River site and clean up the radioactive waste there and at other federally owned facilities. 
  • Since the consortium took over, costs to Canadian taxpayers for the operation and cleanup at Canada’s nuclear labs have ballooned from $336 million dollars per year to over $1.5 billion per year.
  • Current members in the consortium are: AtkinsRéalis (formerly SNC-Lavalin,) which was debarred by the World Bank for 10 years and faced charges in Canada of fraud, bribery and corruption; Texas-based Fluor Corporation, which paid $4 million to resolve allegations of financial fraud related to nuclear waste cleanup work at a U.S. site; and Texas-based Jacobs Engineering, which recently acquired CH2M, an original consortium member that agreed to pay $18.5 million to settle federal criminal charges at a nuclear cleanup site in the U.S.

9. Construction of the NSDF would destroy critical habitat for protected species. 

  • The NSDF site is very rich in biodiversity due to the fact that it has been fenced off to humans for 80 years. Proximity to the Ottawa River and Perch Lake make it a good feeding ground for larger mammals. 
  • Wetlands that partly surround the NSDF site provide habitat for endangered Blanding’s Turtles.
  • The mature forest on the site hosts three endangered bat species, and several at-risk migratory birds, including Golden-Winged Warblers, Canada Warblers, and Whip-poor-wills
  • Indigenous led research revealed a healthy population of threatened Eastern Wolves extensively using the site; the Indigenous researchers also found three active dens of Black Bears, protected under Ontario’s Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act.
  • In January 2024, Kebaowek First Nation wrote to the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada asking for the permit to clearcut the site to be denied.

10. The waste needs to be cleaned up but there are better ways to do so.

  • An ARTEMIS peer review coordinated by the International Atomic Energy Agency could provide valuable information to the Government of Canada about the best practices for managing wastes like those at Chalk River.
  • In December 2023, more than 3000 Canadians signed House of Commons ePetition 4676 asking for an ARTEMIS review
  • Canada should commit to building world class facilities for managing radioactive waste that would keep Canadians safe and provide good jobs in the nuclear industry, safely managing and containing the waste for generations to come. 
  • World class facilities would include provision for careful packaging, labeling and emplacement in an underground facility; the wastes would be retrievable so future generations could monitor and repackage them as needed.

Federal government action to halt the NSDF project is urgently needed. An IAEA ARTEMIS review would identify a better way to proceed.

Ask your member of parliament to support an ARTEMIS review of the NSDF project. See the letter sent to all MPs and Senators on Feb 4, 2024 for more details.

Update May 9, 2024~ Three Judicial Reviews of decisions to license the NSDF and provide a permit to destroy species at risk on the site are underway in the Federal Court of Canada.

NSDF Licensed Inventory

January 30, 2024

from the Waste Acceptance Criteria https://www.cnl.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Near-Surface-Disposal-Facility-Waste-Acceptance-Criteria-Rev-4_EN.pdf

An intervenor in the CNSC licensing hearings for the NSDF license amendment, Dr. JR Walker, included this table in his final submission in 2023. The table includes half-lives and as can be seen below, more than half of them (21 out of 31) have half-lives longer than the 550 year design life of the facility.

Ole Hendrickson and Frank Greening provided this information on half-lives, mass and number of radioactive atoms for each isotope in the NSDF licensed inventory:

Here is a screen shot from the Excel file. Only the top eight short lived radionuclides in the table have half-lives less than the 550 year design life of the NSDF.

The table shows that long lived isotopes comprise more than 99.9% of the mass of radionuclides and the number of radioactive atoms licensed for emplacement in the NSDF.

New evidence that radiation risks are greater than currently acknowledged, from the International Nuclear Workers Study

January 29, 2024

This is an excerpt from the final submission by the Canadian Environmental Law Association to the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission on the application to construct the Near Surface Disposal Facility at Chalk River, Ontario

Another issue not discussed in the EIS is the new evidence that radiation risks are greater than
currently acknowledged. This new evidence is from the International Nuclear Workers’ Study
(INWORKS) which comprises a number of meta studies of nuclear workers in the US, UK and
France. These meta studies are very large (>300,000 participants) which lends considerable
authority to their findings.

In more detail, in late 2015 and in subsequent years, the INWORKS studies examined associations
between low dose-rate radiation and leukemia/lymphoma76, solid cancers77, and circulatory disease.

Their radiation risk estimates were higher than current risk estimates. For example, in
the solid cancer study, the observed increase was 0.47/0.32 = 1.47, ie a 47% increase – a significant
amount. But for leukemia the increase was much greater. The more recent study on leukemia risks
(Leurad et al, 2021) found the increase in point estimates was 5.8 fold or 580%. This large increase
was driven mainly by the 11-fold increase in chronic myelogenous leukemia80 (“CML”) in older
workers81. The study on cardiovascular risks somewhat surprisingly reported brand new risks of
heart disease and strokes. These new risks and increased risks are not taken into account in official
risk estimates by regulatory agencies including the CNSC but they should be.


The INWORKS radiation studies remain pertinent as to whether a license should be given to CNL
for a number of other reasons, as follows. They:


a. provide strong evidence of a dose-response relationship between cumulative, chronic,
low-dose, exposures to radiation and leukemia.
b. confirm that radiation risks exist even at very low dose rates (average = 1·1 mGy per
year).
c. observe risks at low dose rates rather than extrapolating them from high dose rates. (eg as
in the LSS study of Japanese bomb survivors)
d. found that risks do not depend on dose rate thus contradicting the ICRP’s use of a Dose
and Dose Rate Effectiveness Factor (DDREF) (which acts to reduce by half its published
radiation risks).
e. found radiogenic leukemia risks decline linearly with dose, contradicting earlier studies
suggesting a lower, linear-quadratic relationship for leukemia.
f. strengthen the Linear No-Threshold (LNT) model of radiogenic risks, as it now applies to
leukemias as well as to solid cancers.
g. found no evidence of a threshold below which no effects are seen, and
h. found a trend of increasing risk of solid cancer by attained age.

Because the INWORK findings are far-reaching in their implications, it is necessary to doublecheck their findings. This was carried out by recent exhaustive review (Hauptmann et al, 2020) of the INWORKS studies which examined possible sources of bias82 and confounding83. It concluded
that these epidemiological studies directly support the conclusion of increased cancer risks from
low doses of ionising radiation, with little evidence of bias and confounding. This is similar to the
findings of yet another study84 which also reviewed the INWORKS studies using specialist
statistical and epidemiological methods to look for evidence of bias. It found none.

References are available in the original CELA submission:

https://api.cnsc-ccsn.gc.ca/dms/digital-medias/cmd22-h7-104.pdf/object?subscription-key=3ff0910c6c54489abc34bc5b7d773be0


Evidence is accumulating that wastes proposed for disposal in the NSDF are “Intermediate Level”

January 22. 2024

See also~ National Observer: Waste headed for Ontario site is a radioactive ‘mishmash’: nuclear industry veterans

An NSDF media kit on the website of the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission states that

“Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL) has been authorized to construct an engineered facility, called a near surface disposal facility (NSDF), to dispose of low-level radioactive waste at the Chalk River Laboratories (CRL) site in Deep River, Ontario. Low-level radioactive waste includes contaminated building materials, soils, and operational equipment (for example, protective shoe covers, clothing, rags, mops, equipment and tools).” (emphasis added)

On page 88 of the transcript of the final licensing hearing for the NSDF on August 10, 2023, Meggan Vickerd, CNL deputy vice-president of Integrated Waste Services is quoted as saying this:

“It is important to restate that only low-level radioactive waste from Canadian sources will be accepted. This waste consists of building demolition debris from current decommissioning activities at the Chalk River Laboratories site, legacy wastes and associated impacted soils, as well as general waste items such as mops and rags generated from our ongoing operations.” (emphasis added)

In Paragraph 39 of its Record of Decision for the NSDF license approval, the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission states: “The NSDF will contain only LLW.”

The statements above that the NSDF would only contain low-level waste do not stand up to scrutiny. The use of examples like “mops and rags and shoe covers” is misleading.

Consider that:

Much of the legacy waste at the Chalk River Labs site was created during plutonium production for the US nuclear weapons program and other activities involving “post-fission” radioactive waste ie. waste produced in a nuclear reactor. This post-fission waste includes very long-lived radioactive materials that are difficult to manage. Some of this waste can actually become more radioactive over time due to the complex decay chains of long-lived alpha emitters.

According to the  International Atomic Energy Agency, waste from research facilities such as Chalk River Laboratories generally belongs to the “Intermediate-level” waste class and must be kept underground, tens of metres or more below the surface.

Twenty-five out of the 31 radionuclides listed in the reference inventory for the mound are long-lived with half-lives from thousands to millions of years.

A former senior manager at AECL told the CNSC that the waste would not decay to unconditional clearance levels for thousands of years. The design life of the facility is only 550 years. He also said that “the emplaced material is intermediate level radioactive waste that should not be emplaced in a near surface facility because it requires a greater degree of containment and isolation than that provided by near surface disposal.” (emphasis added) (more info)

It is becoming increasingly clear that long-lived radioactive materials that predominate in the NSDF licensed inventory, would outlive the facility by thousands of years.

Background

During the public comment period on the Environmental Impact Statement for the NSDF in 2017, many groups and individuals expressed concern about intermediate level waste being placed in an above ground mound.

The Town of Deep River and its then mayor Joan Lougheed were among those concerned about intermediate level waste being put into the NSDF. Mayor Lougheed was quoted in a 2017 Globe and Mail article, “Ontario town slams proposal for nuclear-waste facility,” as saying the town had concerns about the intermediate-level radioactive material that requires isolation and containment for more than several hundred years.

Shortly after the Globe and Mail article was published, CNL publicly announced that it would not put intermediate level waste in the mound. However CNL’s final Environmental Impact Statement says, “It is not practical, technical, or economical, to separate the long-lived radionuclides from the waste streams…”  

According to the Canadian Environmental Law Association, most of the radionuclides in the proposed inventory for the NSDF have half-lives longer than 10,000 years, and their proposed quantities are very large.

According to the former director of Safety Engineering and Licensing at AECL and former Champion of the Nuclear Legacy Liabilities project, in his April 6, 2022 submission to the CNSC:

“The waste acceptance criteria are insufficiently protective for the material permitted to be emplaced in the proposed Engineered Containment Mound to qualify as low level waste — the radionuclides do not decay to an acceptable level during the time that institutional controls can be relied upon. Consequently, the emplaced material is intermediate level radioactive waste that should not be emplaced in a near surface facility because it requires a greater degree of containment and isolation than that provided by near surface disposal.” (emphasis added)

and

CNL’s proposal is not a disposal facility for low level radioactive waste:
Proposal is an Engineered Containment Mound comprising a large and unverified quantity of intermediate-level waste;  (Slide 12)

Press release from Algonquins of Barriere Lake~ License Decision for Radioactive Waste Facility: An Act of Disregard Against Indigenous Lands and Rights

FOR IMMEDIATE MEDIA RELEASE- JANUARY 11, 2024


Statement from Chief Casey Ratt and Council Mitchikanibikok Inik

“License Decision for Radioactive Waste Facility: An Act of Disregard Against
Indigenous Lands and Rights”


Re: CNSC Licence Decision to Construct the NSDF at Chalk River

We, the Algonquins of Barriere Lake, Mitchikanibikok Inik, categorically oppose the decision made by the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) on January 8, 2024. This decision authorizes the Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL) to construct the Near Surface Disposal Facility (NSDF) at Chalk River, Ontario.

This approval, which sanctions the establishment of a nuclear waste facility on the Kichi Sibi River—our ancestral lands—is an egregious violation of our Indigenous law, Ona’ken’age’win. This law, the original Anishinaabeg Earth law, is the spiritual and legal foundation of our people. The CNSC’s decision is nothing less than an assault on our ancestral homelands and sacred sites.


We want to clarify that at no point did we consent to this project or the CNSC’s assessment process. Despite our best efforts, Mitchikanibikok Inik was not given a meaningful opportunity to influence the consultation rules or assessment procedures.


It is clear from the CNSC’s decision that Canada’s nuclear regulator is prepared to disregard federal and international laws designed to protect our Indigenous rights, the environment, endangered species, and the future safety of communities along the Ottawa River. This violation is seemingly committed to favor the Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, a company with a vested financial interest in the nuclear sector at Chalk River.

We will not stand idle in the face of these assaults. Alongside our fellow Algonquin communities and allies, we are readying ourselves to fight back   legally against any reckless decisions made by the CNSC.


Now more than ever, it is crucial that our Ona’ken’age’win law is upheld and respected. We call on Canada to intervene, retract this approval, and halt any further issuance of permits until there is a commitment to develop an environmental assessment strategy aligned with its international legal obligations as outlined in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. We will not rest until our rights are respected and the biodiversity of the Kichi Sibi lands and waters, which have been sustainably  managed for millennia under our laws and practices, are protected.

Contact: Chief Casey Ratt
rattcasey@gmail.com
819.441.8002
http://www.stopnuclearwaste.com